AMR Isiguquli

Tshintsha AMR kuya futhi kusuka kumafomethi ahlukahlukene

Mayelana AMR

I-AMR iyi-codec yokukhuluma ehlobene nokurekhodwa kwezwi kanye nokuxhuma, ngakho-ke umculo uzwakala ubuhlungu kulo.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile

Voice recordings
Mobile audio
Telephony

AMR Ukushintsha

Yini ihele AMR?

AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) is an audio format optimized for speech compression.

Ingabe ubuhle bulahlekile kuhele AMR?

Noma yini encoder yakuqala ekhetha ukuyisusa, futhi ayikwazi ukubuyiselwa. AMR icindezela ngokumodela lokho okungekuqaphela indlebe - imisindo ekhululekile ehlala ngaphansi kwezikhulu, iziqongo eziphezulu zokulalela - futhi isuse ngokuqhubekayo. Ku-bitrate ephephile engeke ikwazi ukulalela wonke umuntu. Okunye okungaba khona kubuyiselwa emuva, ngakho ukushintshana kufomethi engalahlekelwa yisimo samanje ngaphandle kokubuyisela okungaphambili. I-AMR iyi-narrowband speech codec esebenza phakathi kuka-4.75 no-12.2 kbps, emodela i-human vocal tract endaweni yobubanzi obugcwele be-audio spectrum.

Kungani i-AMR yami irekhoda izwakala incane uma iqhathaniswa nomculo?

Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho into eyenza ukuthi ithathe umculo. AMR yi-narrowband speech codec eyenziwe nge-mobile networks, elungele ukugcina amagama acacile ku-bitrate elinganiselwa kuma-kilobits we-digit eyodwa. Konke okungaphandle kwe-range yezwi lomuntu kulahlekile ngesikhathi sokuqapha. Ukushintshana ku-full-range format igcina ukurekhodwa kusebenziseka kuwo wonke amathuluzi, kodwa ayikwazi ukufaka emuva iziqongo ezingazange zisampuliswe. I-AMR ibulala umculo: i-8 kHz bandwidth yayo isusa konke okuphezulu kwe-frequency yefoni, futhi akukho inani lokuphindeka kokucofa liyibuyisela emuva.

Ingabe amafayela AMR avame ukuvelaphi?

Ama-voicemail systems, push-to-talk radios, old handsets and telephony recording — lapho i-audio idinga ukuhamba khona ngaphezu kwe-channel encane, ebiza kakhulu. Lo mzali uchaza ukuthi kungani amafayela encane nokuthi kungani ezwakala ngendlela ayenza ngayo. Ukushintshana kwenza ukuthi badlala kwisofthiwe ejwayelekile; ayisebenzi, futhi ayikwazi, ukufaka ukuthembeka okuncane okungekho. I-AMR iyi-Adaptive Multi-Rate, i-codec yokukhuluma i-3GPP ejwayelekile yezingcingo zokukhuluma ze-GSM nezinhlelo zokurekhoda amagama ezimoto.

Kungani ihele lami AMR livela ngaphandle kwegama lesiqongo noma isithombe?

Ngenxa yokuthi ifomu alikho indawo efanele yokuzigcina. AMR yacaciswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kwendawo ejwayelekile yesihloko, i-album noma isithombe sokuzivikela, ngakho abadlali babuyela emuva ukukhombisa igama lefayela. Ukushintshana kufomethi ephawuliwe kwenza i-library ifinyeleleke — amathegi abhalwe ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa ngaphezu kokubuyiselwa, ngakho-ke cabanga ukugcwalisa noma yini engingakhombisi i-source.

Ingabe kufanele ngigcine amafayela amasha njenge AMR?

Uma nje kukhona okuthile okudingayo. Ifomethi ivuliwe, futhi akukho sidingo sokushintsha ingobo yomlando ongeke ukwenze kube nzima, kodwa akuyona indawo lapho ithuluzi noma umphumela uhamba khona. Kunoma yini entsha, ifomethi yamanje ayidingi lutho olungeziwe futhi ivimbela ukulandelana kwesifundo seminyaka emincane kusukela manje.

Kungani ihele AMR alidlalwa kumsakazo wami?

Amabhuleki aqopha uhlu oluncane, oluqinile lwefomethi yomsindo futhi AMR ungaphandle kwalo, ngakho ihele likhuphuka endaweni yokudlala noma umdlali ukhombisa iphutha. Isofthiwe yedesktop enesethingi se-codec esibanzi ivula ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Uma umsindo udlala kukhasi le-web, ukushintsha kuyinto elungile — akukho ukumiswa komdlali kuzongeza umbhalo oqoshiwe umbhukeli awuthumeli.

Yini i-bitrate okufanele ngiyiguqule amafayela ami AMR?

Uhlu lwendawo esiya kuyo, hhayi umsuka. Ukudlalwa kwengoma, 256 kuya ku-320 kbps kucacile kuwo wonke umuntu olalelayo; ukukhuluma nokulalela, 96 kuya ku-128 kbps kuningi futhi kushiya ihele ngaphesheya. Ukungenisa umsindo ngaphezu komsuka we-bitrate kulahlekile isikhala — kugcina umsindo osele udlulele nge-lossy pass futhi akubuyiseli lutho umngenisi wokuqala olahlekile.

Ingabe ukusebenzisa AMR kuthatha ilayisense lepatenti?

Akunakho okukudingayo. Ama-codecs ahlobene ahlobene ne-patent pools, futhi ilayisense ibekwe ngabantu abathumela ama-decoders - ifoni, i-browser, i-operating system - isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ihele lifike kuwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ifomu likhona kuwo wonke amahardware futhi kungani ama-royalty-free alternatives akhona, futhi ashintshanga noma yini mayelana nokushintsha ifayela oline.

Ingabe ukushintshana kushintsha isilinganiso sesampula se AMR yami yomsindo?

Akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi ucela. Ukuguquka kugcina umsuka wezinga — 48 kHz uhlala 48 kHz, 44.1 kHz uhlala 44.1 kHz — ngoba ukusatshalaliswa kabusha kubiza kakhulu futhi akusebenzi uma akukho okudingayo. Iziphuzo zikhona: ama-CD omsindo adinga u-44.1 kHz, abanye abadlali behardware abadala bamukela okuthile, futhi amapayipi omsindo avame ukudinga u-16 kHz. Misela izinga ngokucacile ngalezi zinkinga bese ushiya icala linye.

Ingabe ngingenza ngiphinde ngibize isiqephu endaweni yokushintsha AMR?

Kunzima kakhulu, futhi kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani: isithonjana siyisihloko, ngenkathi ama-bytes ngaphakathi kufakwe ngefomethi eyodwa ekhethekile. Ukushintsha igama kwenza ihele igama lakhe lithembisa okuthile okuqukethwe kwayo akusho ukunikela, futhi noma yini evula ihele noma liyiphoqa noma liyifunda kabi. Ukuphela kwephutha elincane yifomethi ezimbili ezikhona ngokusemthethweni ibhokisi elifanayo ngaphansi kwezinhlamvu ezahlukene — futhi ngisho lapho ukuphinda ubhale kahle kuphephile kunalokho ukushintsha igama.

Ingabe ngiguqula isibaya esigcwele se AMR amafayela ngasikhathi sinye?

Nge-akhawunti, yebo — khiphana ndawonye futhi zibekwe njengemisebenzi eyodwa endaweni yokuphathwa ngayinye ngasikhathi sinye, ngezinhlelo ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa ngaphesheya kweqembu futhi izimpendulo zibuyiselwe ndawonye. Ukuguquka okumahhala kusebenza ihele elilodwa ngasikhathi sinye (amathuluzi okuxhuma athatha amabini); i-plan ekhokhelwa yilokho okuvulela ukuqhubekeka kweqembu kanye nobukhulu bomgwaqo wefayela ngalinye, okukwenza ukuguquka kwehele lonke lisebenze.